:root{color-scheme:light;--paper:#f7f4ef;--ink:#292923;--muted:#656754;--rule:#cecac3;--focus:#5b673c;--field:#fbf9f5;--serif:'Iowan Old Style',Iowan,Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;--sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif}
:root[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--paper:#232420;--ink:#e9e8df;--muted:#b8bba2;--rule:#4b4e41;--focus:#c5cbaa;--field:#2c2e27}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:32px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{color:var(--muted)}button,input,textarea,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,textarea,select{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button{cursor:pointer}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--focus);outline-offset:5px}::selection{background:#cdd2b7;color:#20221b}.site-shell{width:min(996px,calc(100% - 64px));margin:auto}.site-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:38px;gap:24px}.wordmark{font-size:32px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:-.6px}.site-header nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:40px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;color:var(--muted)}.site-header nav>a{text-decoration:none}.theme-toggle{display:grid;place-items:center;width:44px;height:44px;border:0;padding:7px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink)}.theme-toggle svg{width:30px;height:30px}.intro{text-align:center;padding:114px 0 46px}.intro h1{font-size:52px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.16;letter-spacing:-1.8px;margin:0 0 24px}.intro p{font-size:27px;line-height:1.35;max-width:720px;margin:0 auto}.essay-section{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:31px;scroll-margin-top:32px}.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.section-heading h2{font-size:32px;margin:0}.count{font:19px var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.essay-list{padding:0;margin:40px 0 0;list-style:none}.essay-list li+li{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:34px;padding-top:34px}.metadata{font:16px/1.6 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.essay-list h3{font-size:30px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.6px;margin:10px 0 12px}.essay-list p{max-width:660px;font-size:23px;line-height:1.4;margin:0}.site-footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:55px;padding:43px 0 64px;color:var(--muted);font:16px/1.5 var(--sans)}.site-footer a{text-decoration:none}.reading-column{max-width:660px;margin:75px auto 0}.back-link{font:15px/1.6 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.article-header{margin:52px 0 40px}.article-header h1,.reading-column>h1{font-size:46px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.13;letter-spacing:-1.3px;margin:18px 0 22px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.standfirst{font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.prose{font-size:21px;line-height:1.75;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.prose p{margin:0 0 1.35em}.prose h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.3;margin:1.8em 0 .7em;letter-spacing:-.5px}.prose h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.4;margin:1.6em 0 .6em}.prose blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--muted);margin:1.6em 0;padding-left:24px;color:var(--muted);font-style:italic}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.4em}.prose li{margin:.4em 0}.prose img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:2em auto}.prose pre{overflow:auto;max-width:100%;padding:20px;background:var(--field);font-size:15px;line-height:1.6}.prose code{font-size:.82em}.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin:2em 0}.prose table{display:block;overflow:auto;border-collapse:collapse;max-width:100%;font-size:18px}.prose th,.prose td{text-align:left;padding:8px 12px;border:1px solid var(--rule)}.article-end{display:inline-block;margin-top:40px}.empty{font-size:21px;margin:40px 0}.skip-link{position:absolute;left:24px;top:-100px;background:var(--paper);padding:12px;z-index:10}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}
@media(max-width:700px){.site-shell{width:calc(100% - 44px)}.site-header{padding-top:24px}.wordmark{font-size:26px}.site-header nav{gap:20px;font-size:14px}.theme-toggle{width:36px;height:36px;padding:5px}.intro{padding:78px 0 42px;text-align:left}.intro h1{font-size:40px;letter-spacing:-1.2px;max-width:340px}.intro p{font-size:22px;line-height:1.45}.section-heading h2{font-size:27px}.essay-section{padding-top:26px}.essay-list{margin-top:32px}.metadata{font-size:13px}.essay-list h3{font-size:27px;margin-top:12px}.essay-list p{font-size:20px}.site-footer{font-size:13px;margin-top:44px;padding:28px 0 36px}.reading-column{margin-top:48px}.article-header{margin:38px 0 32px}.article-header h1,.reading-column>h1{font-size:38px}.standfirst{font-size:22px}.prose{font-size:20px;line-height:1.7}.prose h2{font-size:27px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
.introduction-details[open] summary{display:none}.introduction-details[open] p:first-of-type{margin-top:0}
.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.introduction{max-width:880px;margin:38px auto 28px;font-size:clamp(17px,1.35vw,19px);line-height:1.42}.introduction p{margin:0}.introduction-details{margin-top:13px}.introduction-details summary,.introduction-collapse{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;cursor:pointer;color:var(--muted);font:14px/1.5 var(--sans);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.introduction-details summary::marker{content:''}.introduction-details summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.introduction-details summary::after{content:'↓';font-size:16px;text-decoration:none}.introduction-copy{cursor:pointer}.introduction-details p:first-of-type{margin-top:18px}.introduction-details p+p{margin-top:.65em}.introduction-collapse{margin-top:16px;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent}
@media(max-width:700px){.introduction{max-width:680px;margin:48px auto 40px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.48}}
@media print{.site-header nav,.site-footer,.back-link{display:none}.site-shell{width:100%}.reading-column{margin:0 auto}.prose{font-size:12pt}body{background:white;color:black}}
.footer-links{display:inline-flex;gap:8px}.legal-page h1{margin-bottom:42px}.legal-page h2{font-size:23px;margin:2em 0 .65em}.legal-page p{font-size:20px;line-height:1.6}.legal-note{color:var(--muted);font:14px/1.6 var(--sans)!important}
.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,760px) minmax(0,1fr);width:calc(100vw - 64px);max-width:none;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);margin:75px auto 0}.article-layout .reading-column{grid-column:2;max-width:760px;width:100%;margin:0}.article-contents{grid-column:1;position:sticky;top:32px;align-self:start;width:300px;max-width:100%;padding-top:3px;color:var(--muted);font:15px/1.45 var(--sans)}.article-contents strong{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19px;margin-bottom:16px}.article-contents ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.article-contents li{margin:0 0 10px}.article-contents li.level-3{padding-left:14px;font-size:14px}.article-contents a{text-decoration:none}.article-contents a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.article-contents a.active{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
@media(max-width:1200px){.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,680px) minmax(0,1fr)}.article-layout .reading-column{grid-column:2}}
@media(max-width:900px){.article-layout{display:block;width:100%;left:auto;transform:none;margin-top:48px}.article-contents{position:static;padding:0 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);margin-bottom:38px}.article-contents strong{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:12px}.article-contents ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px 20px}.article-contents li{margin:0}.article-contents li.level-3{padding-left:10px}}
.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:nowrap}
@media(max-width:900px){.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:normal}}
.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:normal;font-weight:400}.article-contents a.active{white-space:normal;font-weight:600;-webkit-text-stroke:0}
.standfirst{font-style:italic}
.article-header h1{margin-bottom:10px}
.article-contents{font-family:var(--serif)}
.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:nowrap}
.article-header h1{font-weight:700}
.essay-list h3 a{text-decoration:none}
.essay-card{display:block;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.essay-card:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:5px}
.essay-card:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.translation-link{float:right}
.translation-switch{float:right;display:inline-flex;gap:7px}.translation-link{float:none;text-decoration:none}.translation-link.active{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.translation-link.unavailable{opacity:.45}
.site-header nav>a,.back-link,.essay-list h3 a,.translation-link,.article-contents a{transition:color .18s ease}.site-header nav>a:hover,.back-link:hover,.essay-list h3 a:hover,.translation-link:hover,.article-contents a:hover{color:var(--focus)}.secondary,.primary{transition:background-color .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,color .18s ease}.secondary:hover{background:var(--field);border-color:var(--focus);opacity:1}.primary:hover{background:var(--focus);border-color:var(--focus);opacity:1}.text-button:hover{color:var(--focus)}
.site-header nav>a:hover,.back-link:hover,.essay-list h3 a:hover,.article-contents a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:5px}.translation-link:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}.secondary:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}.text-button:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}
.article-contents{top:50vh;transform:translateY(-50%)}
@media(max-width:900px){.article-contents{top:auto;transform:none}}
.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:normal;font-weight:400}.article-contents a.active{white-space:normal;font-weight:400;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}
.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:normal;font-weight:400}.article-contents a{display:block;width:100%}.article-contents a.active{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.article-contents a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}
.article-contents li,.article-contents a{white-space:normal;font-weight:400}.article-contents a{display:block;width:100%;text-decoration:none}.article-contents a.active{font-weight:400;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;text-shadow:0 0 .32px currentColor}.article-contents a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}